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The Changi East Reclamation Project in the Republic of Singapore involved the filling of approximately 200 million cubic of sand for the land reclamation of a total area of about 2500 hectares. Land reclamation was carried out using fill materials obtained from dredging granular material from the seabed at the borrow source. The ground improvement technique which involved combination of prefabricated...
Elastic fields in quantum dot (QD) structures affect their physical and mechanical properties, and they also play a significant role in their fabrication. The elastic fields in QD structures may be induced by mismatches in the coefficients of thermal expansion and the lattice constants of species, by defects, and by external loading. The calculation of the elastic fields in QD structures is complicated...
The loss of the height of the interdental papilla can result in esthetic, phonetic, and maintenance problems around adjacent teeth or implants. A deficient papilla leads to the classic “black triangle” that forms interproximally between two adjacent teeth or implant crowns. The most common cause involves the loss of the interdental bone as a result of previous periodontal or endodontic disease of...
Usually, multi-degree-of-freedom (multi-DOF) systems consist of a number of single-DOF actuators, making the structure of these systems complicated. Furthermore, they have a slow response and low positioning accuracy due to their inevitable problems such as a large backlash, non-linear friction and kinematic singularities in the operation range. The number of actuators and the weight of the overall...
This paper present a new effective algorithm for the optimal realization of digital controller structures using the delta operator for sampled data systems subject to Finite-Word-Length (FWL) constraints. The problem is formulated as a non-linear programming to provide an easy and efficient optimization tool to solve such complex problem. Simulation results of the optimum realizations of digital controller...
Periodic assessments of motor function in children with Cerebral Palsy can enable clinicians to make more informed decisions about the type and timing of treatment interventions. Current clinical practice is limited to sporadic assessments performed in a clinical environment and hence, not suitable for capturing small changes that occur longitudinally. We have developed a shoe-based wearable sensor...
The clinical management of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) relies upon periodic assessments of changes in the severity of gait deviations in response to clinical interventions. Current clinical practice is limited to sporadic assessments in a clinical environment and hence it is limited in its ability to estimate the impact of CP-related gait deviations in real-life conditions. Frequent home-based...
This paper develops a new recursive nonstationarity detection method based on time-varying autoregressive (TVAR) modeling. A local likelihood estimation approach is introduced which gives more weights to observations near the current time instant but less to those distance apart. It thus allows the Wald test to be computed based on RLS-type algorithms with low computational cost. A reliable and efficient...
In this paper, we propose a new method for estimating the steering vector under uncertainties, which is utilized for improving the robustness of beamforming. We show that the desired steering vector can be estimated in closed form from a convex optimization problem by making use of the subspace principle. As this method is developed based on an extended version of the orthonormal PAST (OPAST), the...
This paper proposes a new state-regularized (SR) and QR decomposition based recursive least squares (QRRLS) algorithm with variable forgetting factor (VFF) for recursive coefficient estimation of time-varying autoregressive (AR) models. It employs the estimated coefficients as prior information to minimize the exponentially weighted observation error, which leads to reduced variance and bias over...
A 450-MS/s 10-bit time-interleaved zero-crossing based pipelined ADC is described. The prototype ADC, fabricated in a 90-nm CMOS process, occupies 1.3 mm2. A reference pre-charging technique is applied to reduce the voltage ripples on the reference voltages. Gain, offset, and timing calibration is applied to achieve an 8.7 ENOB with a 211 MHz input signal and dissipates 34 mW from a 1.2V supply for...
The light-driven optoelectronic vortex concept is firstly reported in this article. Utilizing illuminating light image to manipulate the liquid flow direction without any mechanic components is the feature of this design, named as optoelectroosmosis flow (OEOF). With the simple spin-coating process to form a thin organic photoconductive material, TiOPc, on the designed ITO pattern, the projected light...
Owing to the high power density, long life time and environmentally friendly characteristics, micro-supercapacitors have attracted much attention for powering microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. This paper describes the fabrication and performance of a planar micro-supercapacitor. The fabrication process is large scale and IC compatible, and thus it can be integrated with microelectronics...
The current trend in personalized healthcare shows that medical care is becoming as individualized as possible. The goal is not only to provide customized diagnostic tests but also to target medicines and dosages more precisely and safely to each patient. Here in this article we report an integrated drug testing device based on lobule-mimetic liver pattern for testing in vitro drug toxicity. We aimed...
The transform domain normalized least mean squares (TDNLMS) algorithm is an efficient adaptive algorithm, which offers fast convergence speed with a reasonably low arithmetic complexity. However, its convergence speed is usually limited by the fixed step-size so as to achieve a low desired misadjustment. In this paper a new switch-mode noise-constrained TDNLMS (SNC-TDNLMS) algorithm is proposed. It...
In recent years, many nations have been creating newer, more efficient forms of energy and appropriate legislation with which to drive these new economic frontiers. Countries in Europe, parts of Asia, and the Americas, such as the U.S., China, and Germany, are in the forefront of this technological and environmental revolution, and, as a result, have seen large support and success in the endeavor...
The transform domain normalized LMS (TD-NLMS)-adaptive filtering algorithm is an efficient adaptive filter with fast convergence speed and reasonably low arithmetic complexity. However, it is sensitive to the level of the excitation signal, which may vary significantly over time in speech and audio signals. This paper proposes a new regularized transform domain NLMS (R-TDNLMS) algorithm and studies...
The sequential partial update LMS (S-LMS)-based algorithms are efficient adaptive filtering algorithms for reducing the high arithmetic complexity in acoustic and related applications. A limitation of the algorithms is the degraded convergence speed. In this paper, a new family of sequential partial update switch-mode noise-constrained NLMS (S-SNC-NLMS) algorithms is proposed. These algorithms use...
This paper proposes a new regularized QR decomposition based recursive least M-estimate (R-QRRLM) adaptive filtering algorithm and studies its mean and mean square convergence performance and application to acoustic echo cancellation (AEC). The proposed algorithm extends the conventional RLM algorithm by imposing a weighted L2 regularization term on the coefficients to reduce the variance of the estimator...
Vertical GaN based Light Emitting Diodes (VLED) on metal alloy base were realized and characterized for solid state lighting application. An operating voltage of less than 2.9 Voltage from a high efficiency and high power blue LED was achieved. And, an efficiency of more than 120 lumens/watt from a white LED was achieved also. The dissipate heat more effectively than conventional and flip-chip LEDs,...
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