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Traditional spin transfer torque MRAM (STT-MRAM) uses one transistor and one MTJ (1T-1MTJ) architecture, where the transistor provides bi-polar currents to switch the magnetization of the free layer of the MTJ. Due to the limitation of the maximum current that is available from a typical transistor, for a MTJ device with required thermal stability and data retention at extreme densities, the size...
Current-induced spin-transfer torque (STT) is a mainstream method of switching the magnetization of free layer of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) [1-2]. However, currently STT-MTJ is suffering from speed and energy bottlenecks caused by two tradeoffs: firstly, since the critical write current (Ic0) is proportional to the thermal stability barrier (Δ), it is difficult to reduce Ic0 without decreasing...
Supply chain networks of modern era are complex adaptive systems that are dynamic and highly interdependent in nature. Business continuity of these complex systems depend vastly on understanding as to how the supply chain network evolves over time (based on the policies it adapts), and identifying the susceptibility of the evolved networks to external disruptions. The objective of this article is...
This paper proposed a bidirectional contactless power transfer (CPT) system with controllers at both primary and secondary sides to regulate the power flow. By involving energy feedback mode in the converters of both sides, a backward power flow channel from load to source is achieved which helps pumping out the surplus power from the output filter capacitor to the resonant tank at the secondary side...
This paper presents the modeling and simulation work completed in the project sponsored by ONR grant N00014-08-C-0227. The project is to investigate new design concepts of all-electric ship integrated power systems (IPS) and to develop PEBB-based converter models that will represent the existing commercially available products with adequate details and interfaces to allow them to be used in various...
IEC 61850 was proposed as a standard protocol for communications within the substation. In its current edition, the standard does not cover communications outside the substation, either with the control center or with other substations, for instance for remote protection. However, during the recent years, there has been a general belief that some features of the standard can be efficiently utilized...
The all-optical response of a semiconductor ring laser (SRL) to two optical injections is characterized. Once the lasing direction is locked by one optical injection, the SRL direction of operation can be switched by another optical injection into the counterpropagating direction. The switching process manifests a typical bistable hysteresis loop, with its width and switching thresholds variable by...
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