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Aragonite is commonly lost during the diagenesis of carbonate rocks, producing a significant bias in the fossil record. However, taphonomic loss of aragonitic biota can be nullified when skeletal aragonite is replaced by calcite. Here we report calcification of the originally aragonitic skeletons of two cheilostome bryozoan taxa—Reussirella sp. and Reptadeonella toddi—in muddy reefs from the Miocene...
A combination of light microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), electron microprobe, and Raman spectroscopic analysis is used here to study three cheilostome bryozoan taxa with bimineralic skeletons: Odontionella cyclops, Margaretta cereoides, and Pentapora spp. Typically for bimineralic bryozoans, all skeletal walls forming the box-like zooids are constructed primarily of...
Bored and encrusted carbonate concretions, termed hiatus concretions, coming from the Middle Jurassic (Upper Bajocian and Bathonian) siliciclastics of the Polish Jura, south-central Poland, have been subjected to detailed paleoecological investigation for the first time. The concretions possess variable morphology and bear distinct traces of bioerosion and encrustation as a result of exhumation on...
Bryozoans are major carbonate producers in some ancient and Recent benthic environments, including parts of the Arctic Ocean. Seventy-six species of bryozoans from within the Arctic Circle have been studied using XRD to determine their carbonate mineralogies and the Mg content of the calcite. The majority of species were found to be calcitic, only four having bimineralic skeletons that combined calcite...
The cheilostome bryozoan Pentapora, an important benthic carbonate producer on non-tropical continental shelves, displays seasonal variations in deposition of the calcareous skeleton reflected by ‘winter’ and ‘summer’ growth bands. Studies on colonies from Atlantic and Mediterranean localities show that the ratio of the heights of these growth bands correlates significantly with mean annual range...
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