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To investigate whether Sep (O-phosphoserine) tRNA: Sec (selenocysteine) synthase (SEPSECS), which plays an essential role in the synthesis of selenoprotein, affects proliferation, apoptosis and hormone secretion of human trophoblast cells.Human trophoblast JEG-3 cells were divided into four groups: control group, SEPSECS silenced-expression group, empty vector group and SEPSECS over-expression group...
Receptor-activator of NF-κB ligand (TNFSF11, also known as RANKL) and its receptor RANK are essential regulators on bone remodeling, mammary gland development and hormone-associated breast cancer development. However, the expression pattern and role of RANKL/RANK axis in decidual stromal cells (DSCs) are unclear in human early pregnancy.We analyzed RANKL/RANK expression in DSCs by real-time PCR, immunhistochemistry,...
Normal fetal neurological development depends on a regulated supply of maternal thyroid hormone (TH). We have previously demonstrated that transthyretin (TTR) a TH binding protein, is synthesized, secreted and internalized by trophoblast cells and may provide a route for the transfer of TH from mother to fetus. Our objective was to determine if a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family...
The human fetus requires a maternal supply of iodide to synthesize thyroid hormone from 16 weeks gestation. Placental iodide transport is regulated by the sodium iodide symporter (NIS). We studied the ontogeny of NIS in placentas from surgically terminated pregnancies and from normal term pregnancies. NIS mRNA was low at 6 weeks gestation and peaked at 12 weeks gestation. Placental NIS protein levels...
The thyroid hormone and retinol binding protein transthyretin (TTR) is synthesised by human trophoblasts. Polarised JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells grown in bicameral chambers secrete TTR predominantly apically but also basally and these cells and human trophoblasts also take up TTR suggesting that there may be a placental TTR shuttle that participates in materno-fetal transfer of thyroid hormones and...
Before secretion of fetal thyroid hormone at around 16 weeks gestation normal fetal development depends on a constant supply of maternal thyroid hormone (TH), particularly thyroxine (T 4 ). The detailed mechanisms of transplacental delivery of TH are still uncertain. The TH binding protein, transthyretin (TTR), is produced and secreted by placenta and may play a role in this process. The ontogeny...
Maternal thyroid hormone is provided to the fetus before the onset of fetal thyroid function (at about 16 weeks) and is essential for normal neurologic development. Mechanisms of transport are uncertain but transthyretin (TTR), a thyroxine binding protein produced by the placenta may be involved. Placental oxygen concentrations in early pregnancy are low, about 1% early in the first trimester and...
Cultured human choriocarcinoma cells of the BeWo line exhibited saturable accumulation of radioiodide. Inhibition by competing anions followed the affinity series perchlorate≫iodide≥thiocyanate, consistent with uptake through the thyroid iodide transporter, NIS, whose messenger RNA was found in BeWo cells, and whose protein was distributed towards the apical pole of the cells. Efflux obeyed first...
Recent studies suggest that purified villous cytotrophoblasts are largely contaminated by mononucleated syncytial fragments and therefore unsuitable for studies of trophoblast differentiation. We assessed highly purified (>99.99 per cent) populations of villous trophoblasts for fragment contamination using the syncytial markers placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP, by immunohistochemistry) and...
The inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and immune interferon gamma (IFN-γ) stimulate villous cytotrophoblast apoptosis while epidermal growth factor (EGF) protects. We hypothesize that TNF-α, IFN-γ and EGF regulate apoptosis in part by modulating cellular expression levels of the anti-death genebcl-2. While Bcl-2 is reported to be strongly expressed in villous syncytiotrophoblasts,...
Human placental cytotrophoblast cells differentiate by a process of fusion into a syncytium. This process is stimulated by EGF but also occurs spontaneously at a slower rate in cultured cytotrophoblast cells. To determine nuclear proto-oncogene changes mediating these events, c-myc, c-fos, c-jun and junB were measured in spontaneously differentiating cells and in cells exposed to EGF. c-myc showed...
Normal human term cytotrophoblast cells prepared by trypsin-DNAse I digestion with and without secondary immunological purification with CD9 antibodies were investigated for the expression of morphological and genetic markers of proliferation and differentiation. After 24 h of culture, the cell preparations demonstrated spontaneous formation of microvilli and formation of small syncytial units as...
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