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We review previously published data, and present some new data, indicating that spinal application of neuropeptide Y (NPY) reduces behavioral and neurophysiological signs of acute and chronic pain. In models of acute pain, early behavioral studies showed that spinal (intrathecal) administration of NPY and Y2 receptor agonists decrease thermal nociception. Subsequent neurophysiological studies indicated...
Peripheral nerve injury promotes an enduring increase in the excitability of the spinal dorsal horn. This change, that likely underlies the development of chronic pain, may be a consequence of prolonged exposure of dorsal horn neurons to mediators such as neurotrophins, cytokines, and neurotransmitters. The long-term effects of such mediators can be analyzed by applying them to spinal neurons in organotypic...
Cellular actions of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) resemble those of μ-, δ-, and κ-opioids, i.e. activation of inwardly rectifying K + conductance, inhibition of high-voltage-activated Ca 2+ channel currents, and impediment of neurotransmitter release. Differences in ORL 1 and μ-receptor distribution lead to: 1) more widespread actions of N/OFQ on periaqueductal gray neurons...
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