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Phase plates (PPs) in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) improve the contrast of weakly scattering objects under in‐focus imaging conditions. A well‐established PP type is the Zernike (Z)PP, which consists of a thin amorphous carbon (aC) film with a microscaled hole in the centre. The mean inner potential of the aC film is exploited to shift the phase of the scattered electrons while the unscattered...
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) at low primary electron energies has received increasing attention in recent years because knock‐on damage can be avoided and high contrast for weakly scattering materials is obtained. However, the broadening of the electron beam in the sample is pronounced at low electron energies, which degrades resolution and limits the maximum specimen thickness...
Summary form only given. The present paper describes experimental investigations, carried out at ISL. These studies, concerning the transient effects refer to the interaction of CO/sub 2/ laser radiation with coated or painted metals both by the use of single pulses and trains of pulses with high repetition rates. The pulse energy densities were in the range of a few to a few tens J/cm2 and the repetition...
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