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Francisella tularensis is the intracellular bacterial pathogen causing the respiratory life-threatening disease tularemia. Development of tularemia vaccines has been hampered by an incomplete understanding of the correlates of immunity. Moreover, the importance of lung cellular immunity in vaccine-mediated protection against tularemia is a controversial matter. Live attenuated vaccine strains of F...
We recently reported the development of a novel, next-generation, live attenuated anthrax spore vaccine based on disruption of the htrA (High Temperature Requirement A) gene in the Bacillus anthracis Sterne veterinary vaccine strain. This vaccine exhibited a highly significant decrease in virulence in murine, guinea pig and rabbit animal models yet preserved the protective value of the parental Sterne...
In search for antigens which may form the basis for improved subunit or live attenuated B. anthracis vaccines, extensive genomic, proteomic and serologic analyses coupled with functional screens for surface exposed and/or secreted proteins, were carried out. The screens resulted in selection of over 50 promising novel in-vivo expressed immunogens, classified as S-Layer Homology (SLH) proteins, repeat...
A comparative proteomic study of secretomes of virulent and avirulent Bacillus anthracis strains in various culturing conditions, including those encountered in the host (high CO2/bicarbonate), enabled identification of approximately 70 proteins representing collectively more than 99% of the secretome. In-vivo expression of 50 proteins was established by 2-dimension Western-analysis using anti B. anthracis...
We demonstrate that disruption of the htrA (high temperature requirement A) gene in either the virulent Bacillus anthracis Vollum (pXO1+, pXO2+), or in the ΔVollum (pXO1‐, pXO2‐, nontoxinogenic and noncapsular) strains, affect significantly the ability of the resulting mutants to withstand heat, oxidative, ethanol and osmotic stress. The ΔhtrA mutants manifest altered secretion of several proteins,...
Summary: The lethal anthrax disease is caused by spores of the Gram‐positive Bacillus anthracis, a member of the cereus group of bacilli. Although the disease is very rare in the Western world, development of anthrax countermeasures gains increasing attention due to the potential use of B. anthracis spores as a bio‐terror weapon. Protective antigen (PA), the non‐toxic subunit of the bacterial secreted...
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