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This study was undertaken to comparatively evaluate the effects of blending butanol and pentanol with ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) at 10% and 20% by volume on engine performance, emissions of particulate mass and counts, and carbonaceous particulate components from a single cylinder, direct injection diesel engine. The engine was operated at a constant engine speed and at three engine loads. The...
In this paper, we investigate the cycle-based ammonia-coverage-ratio reference generator design for Diesel engine two-cell selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. Since the dynamic programming algorithm is time-consuming, the motivation of this research is to develop the ammonia-coverage-ratio reference generator which has the capacity to produce the optimal desired ammonia coverage ratios onboard...
In this paper, we study the robust observer design problem for removal of NOx sensor ammonia cross-sensitivity from contaminated measurements in Diesel-engine selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems via the mixed H2/H∞ approach. Due to the fact that the NOx sensor is cross-sensitive to gaseous ammonia, the reading of NOx sensor is contaminated severely by the ammonia concentration. Moreover, the...
The formaldehyde emissions are harmful to human health. It is necessary to investigate and standardize the measurement methods of formaldehyde emissions from vehicles. Based on the principle of different measurements, this study proposes three different measurement methods of formaldehyde emissions from a Spark-Ignition (SI) engine fueled with 0%, 15% and 45% of methanol in volume respectively for...
In this work, three different ratios of methanol–ultralow sulfur gasoline blends, 0%, 15% and 45% of methanol in volume respectively for M0, M15 and M45, were tested on an electronically controlled multi-point port injection gasoline engine in National Grade IV standard. DMS 500SKII fast particulate spectrometer was used to measure the particulate mass and number concentrations and size distributions...
In recent years, Methyl-cyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT) has been widely used as a gasoline additive to improve the octane rating and antiknock of the fuel. Meanwhile, particulate emissions from the gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine have become a subject of concern. This study is aimed to investigate the impact of fuel (ultralow sulfur gasoline with the additive MMT) on the combustion...
In this work, we investigate the cycle-based optimal NO x emission control for Diesel engine selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. The optimization is carried out based on the SCR model and the SCR is assumed to be a continuous stirred tank reactor during the modeling. Considering the main chemical reactions inside an SCR cell, a three-state nonlinear model is obtained and the system...
A systematic study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of blending five different oxygenated compounds, diglyme (DGM), palm oil methyl ester (PME), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl adipate (DEA) and butanol (Bu) with ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD), on engine performance, particulate mass concentrations, organic (OC) and elemental (EC) carbon fractions of the particles and particle size...
Ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel was blended with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of butanol by volume. The effects of these blended fuels on physicochemical characteristics of particulate emissions and the cytotoxicity of particulate extracts from a single cylinder, direct injection stationary diesel engine were investigated with the engine working at a constant speed of 3000 revolutions per min (rpm) and...
The present work was aimed at developing a method for determining the kinetics of low temperature coal oxidation based on thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA–DSC). The analyses of TGA–DSC on non-isothermal oxidation of three coals at a single heating rate were carried out. The measured heat release rates and derived apparent kinetic parameters of low temperature oxidation...
Plasma-assisted Fe–Cu/SiO 2 catalysts were prepared by impregnation technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed reduction (H 2 -TPR) techniques. Catalytic performances for carbon monoxide hydrogenation to higher alcohols were carried out in a fixed-bed reactor...
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