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Background Saving and investment are two of the most important tools for economic growth. The interest rate has always been considered an important determinant of saving and investment. However, according to Islamic teachings, riba or earning interest on saving or investment is forbidden, and thus, many Muslims try to avoid earning income from the interest rate. Therefore, the aim of this study is...
Background Banking is an important sector of Pakistan’s economy. It is general consideration that bank’s major activities saving and lending have positive impact on economic growth. So the aim of this study is to investigate this consideration and also investigate that either growth led deposits and credits, or deposit and credits led growth means the purpose of this study is to investigate the direction...
Digital images are present everywhere on magazine covers, in newspapers, in courtrooms as evidences, and all over the Internet signifying one of the major ways for communication nowadays. Easy availability of image editing tools has made it very simple to tamper the digital images thus putting the authenticity of these images under suspicion. There are a number of type of forgeries that can be carried...
Splicing is a very common operation performed for image forgery. It involves merging of two or more different images to form a combined image that is significantly different from the original image. In this paper an image splicing detection method based on texture features of spliced image is proposed. The proposed approach calculates grey level run length matrix (GLRLM) texture features for the forged...
Signatures are widely used as a means of personal identification and verification. Many documents like bank cheques and legal transactions require signature verification. Signature-based verification of a large number of documents is a very difficult and time consuming task. Consequently an explosive growth has been observed in biometric personal verification and authentication systems that are connected...
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