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Water-soluble silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been synthesized with photoluminescence quantum yield more than 32% via a hydrothermal treatment of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as silicon sources and maleic acid (MA) as surface-stabilizing ligands. Prepared SiNPs showed the presence of carboxylic acid groups through the incorporation of MA. The presence of 48.8 and 51.2% of Si–Si and Si–O binding...