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Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA, BioThrax) is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) of anthrax in adults. The PEP schedule is 3 subcutaneous (SC) doses (0, 14 and 28 days), in conjunction with a 60 day course of antimicrobials.The objectives of this study were to understand the onset of protection from AVA PEP vaccination and to assess the potential for...
Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA, BioThrax) was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for a post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) indication in adults 18–65years of age. The schedule is three doses administered subcutaneous (SC) at 2-week intervals (0, 2, and 4weeks), in conjunction with a 60-day course of antimicrobials. The Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise...
Human newborns are vulnerable to infectious diseases that account for majority of the morbidity and mortality, particularly in first year of life. Vaccines have become the most effective public health intervention strategy to curtail the prevalence of these infectious diseases. Although vaccines against a number of diseases exist, there are no vaccines against many other diseases that commonly affect...
Cytokines are soluble proteins secreted by a broad range of cell types that play pivotal roles in the regulation of inflammation and the immune response. Recent advances in avian genetics and immunology have explored the application of exogenous avian cytokines against infectious agents in poultry medicine. To use exogenous cytokines as novel therapeutics or as vaccine adjuvants in disease prevention,...
Enhancing innate and acquired immunity by cytokines such as IFN-α appears to be useful as a first line of defense against viral infection. However, the practical use of cytokines in livestock is not evident due to cost and production issues associated with mass administration. In this study, we tested the efficacy of live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium designed to secrete swine...
Rotavirus (RV) infection of the intestine is the major cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in infants around the world. Although protective immunity against RV, especially acquired B and T-cell responses, has been extensively studied, our understanding of RV immunity remains incomplete. In addition, the interaction between various protective immune mechanisms in the gut and specific enteric immune...
The CCR7 ligands, secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC) and Epstein-Barr virus-induced molecule 1 ligand chemokine (ELC), were recently recognized as key molecules in establishing functional microenvironments for the initiation of immune responses in secondary lymphoid tissue. Here, we investigated the effect of CCR7 ligands-DNA administration on systemic and mucosal immune responses to plasmid...
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