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During autophagosome formation in mammalian cells, isolation membranes (IMs; autophagosome precursors) dynamically contact the ER. Here, we demonstrated that the ER-localized metazoan-specific autophagy protein EPG-3/VMP1 controls ER-IM contacts. Loss of VMP1 causes stable association of IMs with the ER, thus blocking autophagosome formation. Interaction of WIPI2 with the ULK1/FIP200 complex and PI(3)P...
Atg1 integrates nutrient status and autophagy. In this issue, Joo et al. (2016) reveal that the mammalian Atg1 homologs ULK1/2 are dispensable for neuronal basal autophagy. ULK1/2 phosphorylate SEC16A and regulate ER export, expanding the autophagy-independent functions of autophagy proteins.
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