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This paper presents the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of unified power flow controller (UPFC), one of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, on a double circuit transmission line. The presence of UPFC on a line has a great influence on the measured impedance at the relaying point. The measured impedance itself depends on the power system structural...
This paper presents and compares the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), one of the series connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), one of the shunt connected FACTS devices. The presence of FACTS devices on a transmission line greatly influences the...
This paper investigates the measured impedance at the relaying point considering the transmission line capacitance by utilizing a double equivalent model, in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The distance relay ideal tripping characteristic is presented and investigated. The measured impedance at the relaying point and the ideal tripping characteristic are compared with...
This paper discusses the distance relay mal-operation in the case of installation of thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), one of the series connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, on the second circuit of a double circuit transmission line, for inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. This is done by means of presenting the measured impedance...
This paper discusses the distance relay ideal tripping characteristic in the presence of unified power flow controller (UPFC), one of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, on the next line, in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. Especial attention is paid to the over-reaching problem. This is done by presenting the measured impedance at the...
Design of LV networks has two aspects: mechanical and electrical. The objective of the mechanical design is to determine the tension of wires, or equally their sags, in such a way that in various climates the designed network operates satisfactorily. On the other hand, the target of the electrical design is to fulfill the electric constrains, i.e. current, voltage, and losses constrains. In the case...
This paper presents a modified distance protection due to the presence of STATic synchronous COMpensator (STATCOM), one of the shunt connected Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices. The presence of STATCOM on a transmission line has a great influence on the measured impedance at the relaying point. The measured impedance itself depends on the power system structural conditions,...
Distance relays are widely used as main and back-up protection for transmission lines. Their operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, which can be affected by several factors, including pre-fault line loading and short circuit levels at the line ends. Continues demand for electricity energy leads to increase in short circuit levels along the power systems, which itself causes...
This paper discusses the impact of a directly connected load to transmission lines, without switching and protective facilities, on distance relays at the line ends, by means of presenting the measured impedance at the relaying point and the distance relay ideal tripping characteristic. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected by several factors, including the line structural and pre-fault...
Distance protection is not utilized in distribution networks, unlike the transmission systems, due to the inherent characteristic of the distribution networks and the additional required facilities of distance protection, compared with over-current protection, which is in use in the distribution systems. This paper discusses the measured impedance by six elements of distance relay first zone applied...
This paper presents the effects of Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), one of the series connected Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, on the measured impedance at the relaying point in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected by several factors, including the line pre-fault loading,...
This paper discusses the distance relay ideal tripping characteristic in the presence of unified power flow controller (UPFC), one of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices on the next line and pays especial attention to the distance relay over-reaching problem. This is done by presenting the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of UPFC at the near end...
This paper presents the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), one of the series connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point itself depends on the power system structural and operational...
Distance relays are one of the mostly used protective devices in the transmission systems. These relays are used as the main, the first zone and a part of the second zone, and the backup, the rest of the second zone and the third zone, protective devices. Fault resistance is a source of error for distance relays in the form of the measured impedance deviation from its actual value. This paper compares...
Distance relays are widely used as main and back-up protection for transmission lines. Their operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, which can be affected by several factors, including pre-fault line loading and short circuit levels at the line ends. Continues demand for electricity energy leads to increase the short circuit levels along the network, which itself causes...
Distance relays are one of the mostly used protective devices in the transmission systems. These relays are used as the main and backup protective device. Fault resistance is a source of error for distance relays in the form of the measured impedance deviation from its actual value. This paper discusses the measured impedance by six elements of distance relay first zone in the case of a single phase...
This paper discusses the distance relay ideal tripping characteristic in the presence of static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), one of the series connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, on the next line, in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. Especial attention is paid to the over-reaching problem. This is done by presenting the...
This paper discusses the measured impedance by distance relay in the presence of thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), one of the series connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, on the next line, in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. Especial attention is paid to the over-reaching problem. The measured impedance at the relaying...
This paper discusses the maximum ground fault resistance, which can be tolerated by a distance relay with Mho characteristic applied at the source node of a distribution feeder. This resistance is defined as the boundary fault resistance which is the boundary of the distance relay correct discrimination between in-zone and out-of-zone faults. The robustness criterion is defined based on the boundary...
This paper studies the effects of static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), one of the series connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, on the measured impedance at the relaying point for faults on a double circuit transmission line in the case of the inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected...
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