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Distance relays are one of the mostly used protective devices in the transmission systems. These relays are used as the main, the first zone and a part of the second zone, and the backup, the rest of the second zone and the third zone, protective devices. Fault resistance is a source of error for distance relays in the form of the measured impedance deviation from its actual value. This paper compares...
This paper discusses distance relays over-reaching in the presence of thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), one of the series connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, on the far end of the second circuit of a double circuit transmission line, considering MOV operation. This is done by means of presenting the measured impedance at the relaying point and...
Distance relays are widely used as the main and back-up protection for transmission lines. They operate based on measured impedance at the relaying point, which is affected by several factors including pre-fault line loading and short circuit levels at the line ends. Introduction of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices imposes further changes on the measured impedance at...
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