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Demografischer Wandel und verändertes Freizeitverhalten lassen in den nächsten 20–30 Jahren eine rapide Zunahme von Hörstörungen erwarten. Damit steigt das Risiko, an altersbedingtem Sprachdiskriminationsverlust, Tinnitus, Hyperakusis oder, wie neueste Studien postulieren, an Demenz zu erkranken. Es verdichten sich Hinweise darauf, dass bei Mensch und Tier der Verlust spezifischer Hörfasern an verschiedenen...
In this study, a controller for robotic motion based on neuroscientific principles was developed and implemented using an artificial neural element and a conventional robotic arm. With independent control over arm final position, velocity, acceleration, and deceleration, this system offers a more smooth, efficient and life-like motion than conventional open-loop methods. The system makes use of a...
To aid the training of anesthesiologists in the administering of epidural injections, a system was developed to characterize tactile feedback encountered during insertion and withdrawal of epidural needles. The system includes a platform upon which a sample is affixed, an epidural needle mounted to a pressure transducer by means of a Luer lock fitting, a stepper motor and screw drive to advance and...
As an aid to the diagnosis of cardiac function, a compact circuit was designed to attach to the head of a physician's stethoscope and detect electrocardiogram R and T waves, indicating each by the brief flashing of an L D. With feedback on electrical activity in the heart in parallel with acoustical feedback, a physician will have greater ability to diagnose normal and diseased operation of the heart...
A testbed system was developed for investigating algorithms to detect and localize extracellular potentials of peripheral nerves. A short segment of simulated nerve fiber was assembled in a cylindrical enclosure holding a conductive medium for noise and longitudinal pathways for impulses through the segment. Simulated extracellular potentials transmitted through the segment, and their extracellular...
In order to investigate neuronally derived algorithms for feedback and control, one joint of a conventional robotic arm was fitted with sensory and motor devices consistent with biological memory-motor models. In this system, a single potentiometer senses angular position of a given joint. From this signal, the forward and reverse velocity are derived, as are the acceleration and deceleration. Controlling...
A circuit was developed to serve as an interface from an intact biological neuron to an electromechanical device. The circuit is a custom VLSI IC that contains a highly sensitive buffer, a neuron-like threshold discriminator, and a dedicated four-phase output driver. Nerve-like in behavior, the circuit detects action potentials from living nerve tissue, and if the activity exceeds a given threshold,...
An analog VLSI circuit approach to a radial basis function (RBF) neural network is explored. For each of a number of reference pattern templates, the circuit calculates the Euclidean distance between that template and an unknown point, and maps each distance to a point on the Gaussian surface of that template. Then, these points may either be added in order to form the basis for an RBF approximator...
Three circuits are described as an initial step toward implementing an analog VLSI-based backpropagation neural network. One of these circuits is the connectivity matrix for a fully connected five-input perceptron. The second is a summer circuit that immediately computes total backpropagated error. The third is a triggerable processor that optimizes a given synaptic weight with respect to backpropagated...
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