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Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy. W pierwszej części Autor prezentuje przegląd poglądów na temat przerywania ciąży od czasów starożytnych aż do nowożytnych, kładąc szczególny akcent na rozwój terminologii i ukryte w niej znaczenia. Dowodzi, że szczegółowa penalizacja czynu, jakim było przerywanie ciąży – utożsamiane do czasów nowożytnych z zabójstwem – uzależnione było od chronologii ciąży. Dokonuje...
The article shows various expressions of patriotism and its relationship to nationalism in historical terms. There are two non-competing definitions of patriotism issued in Polish public discourse. The first one presupposes accompanying and even participation in military resistance against an outside enemy, the second consist in organic work – that is in grass-root activities. The Polish Catholic...
The Author proposes how to define the 'repressive measures' used by security authorities of what was the People's Republic of Poland (PRP) against the Roman Catholic clergy. He subsequently discusses chronological aspects of these repressive measures as well as outlines the research area. According to his suggestion, Roman Catholic clergy within the limits of post-Yalta Poland, the PRP of the period...
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