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Background A controversy exists about the potential effect of childhood varicella vaccination on Herpes Zoster (HZ) incidence. Mathematical models projected temporary HZ incidence increase after vaccine introduction that was not confirmed by real-world evidence. These models assume that absence of contacts with infected children would prevent exogenous boosting of Varicella-Zoster-Virus (VZV) immunity...
We investigated the impact of vaccination on rubella epidemiology in Australia, using a mathematical model fitted to Australian serosurvey data and incorporating pre-vaccination European estimates of rubella transmissibility. Mass infant measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) vaccination produced a 99% reduction in both rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) incidence by 2010 compared to the pre-vaccination...
Persistent immunity to hepatitis A and hepatitis B antibodies six years after vaccination of adolescents (aged 12–15 years) with a combined hepatitis A and B (HAB) vaccine following a 0, 6 month or a 0, 12 month schedule was assessed. Yearly (Year-2–6) serum samples were tested for anti-HAV and anti-HBs using EIA. Subjects with anti-HBs concentrations <10mIU/mL (14/23) at Year-5 or Year-6, received...
At 60 months post-vaccination, adults (mean age 45.6 years) randomised to receive combined reduced-antigen-content diphtheria–tetanus and acellular pertussis vaccine (dTpa) versus tetanus–diphtheria (Td)+monovalent acellular pertussis (pa) were seroprotected against diphtheria (≥0.016IU/mL Vero cell assay) and tetanus (≥0.1IU/mL ELISA assay) in 94.4% and 96.2%, respectively (dTpa), compared with 93...
The report of an hypothesised link between measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) vaccination and autism in 1998 became a major public health issue in the United Kingdom (UK), leaving most experts surprised by the overwhelming influence it had on public opinion about MMR vaccination. Coverage rates fell dramatically, and did not start to recover until 2004. Could this public reaction have been predicted?We used...
Compulsory vaccination has contributed to the success of immunisation programmes in the USA and Australia, yet the benefits from compulsory vaccination are not universally recognised. Some people—experts and the public alike—believe that the benefits of compulsory vaccination are outweighed by the associated ethical problems. A review of vaccination legislation in the UK, Australia, and the USA raises...
There is increasing interest in prevention of pertussis in adults by vaccination, but little is known about the duration of the antibody response to pertussis, diphtheria or tetanus in reduced antigen content vaccines formulated for adult use. Follow-up of a clinical trial including 550 adults comparing responses to reduced antigen content diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (dTpa) vaccine, or...
An open, randomised study was undertaken to demonstrate the equivalence in immunogenicity and to determine the reactogenicity and safety of two dosing schedules (0, 6 or 0, 12 month) of an adult formulation of a combined hepatitis A and B vaccine containing 720 EL.U. of inactivated hepatitis A antigen and 20 μg of hepatitis B surface antigen (Twinrix , SmithKline Beecham Biologicals, Belgium) in...
A single blinded randomized controlled trial to compare the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of adult formulated dTpa and monovalent pa vaccines with a licensed Td vaccine. Five hundred and forty-eight healthy adults aged 19–70 years received a single injection of dTpa or separate injections of pa or Td (with the alternate vaccine 1 month later). Local and systemic reactions were monitored for 15...
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