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The emergence of the smart grid has led to the development of a diverse set of standards and protocols for achieving interoperability among smart devices. These smart grid related standards and protocols cover a wide variety of power system components and functionalities. In this paper, a comprehensive review of commonly used standards and protocols in the smart grid environment is provided, ranging...
Historical shipwrecks are important for many reasons, including historical, touristic, and environmental. Currently, limited efforts for constructing accurate models are performed by divers that need to take measurements manually using a grid and measuring tape, or using handheld sensors. A commercial product, Google Street View1, contains underwater panoramas from select locations around the planet...
In this paper, an innovative agent-based security scheme is proposed for identifying potential impacts of cyber attacks in smart grid protection systems. Smart grids are critical cyber-physical energy systems (CPESs), where potential attacks can manipulate the normal operation of digital relays by injecting malicious control signals. This event could cause the relays to trip at undesired time which...
Sensing and imaging at millimeter-wave and THz frequencies is promising for a wide range of applications, including security, industrial control, healthcare, and scientific metrology. The development of high-sensitivity, low noise detectors based on interband tunneling in III-V heterostructure devices, and their integration into subsystems is promising for realizing the potential of these applications...
Performance testing is an important process in the embedded software development. It can detect bugs, help improve software quality and test the system reliability. The objective of this paper is to propose a performance testing method for embedded software platforms. A case study to evaluate the applicability of the proposed method is discussed. Performance tests are performed on three different...
This paper applies the concept of hybrid framework for perceptual video coding (PVC) during the ‘in-loop’ stages by extending it to the prediction stage. As low complexity environments of mobile phones and tablets are increasingly used to capture video, PVC is not occurring here due to the high complexity of perceptual algorithms. Being able to encode using PVC will enable distortion to be merited...
This paper presents a nonlinear adaptive controller design with a recursive methodology based on the pulse width modulation (PWM) to drive a DC-DC boost converter. The proposed controller is designed based on the dynamical model of the boost converter where all parameters within the model are assumed as unknown. These unknown parameters are estimated through the adaptation laws and the stability of...
The objective of this paper is to propose a building energy management (BEM) platform that allows sensing and control of equipment in small- and medium-sized buildings. The proposed platform aims to improve energy efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and foster demand response (DR) implementation by controlling three major loads in buildings, including HVAC, lighting and plug loads. In addition,...
The objective of this paper is to present a multiagent system (MAS) that can enable integration of a number of IoT devices to allow grid-interactive and intelligent building operation. The proposed platform called BEMOSS — Building Energy Management Open Source Software is developed toallow sensing and control of HVAC, lighting and plug load controllers in small- and medium-sized commercial buildings...
A customer premises network (CPN) is a critical element to support messaging exchange among smart meters, an energy management unit, load controllers, smart appliances and electric vehicles in a smart home/building environment. Smart grid applications in a CPN generally are driven by the need for Home/Building Energy Management Systems (HEM/BEM). Design of an effective energy management system requires...
In this paper, an agent-based distributed control scheme is presented to control single-phase parallel inverters in solar photovoltaic (PV) systems connected to microgrids. A communication assisted multi-agent framework is developed within microgrids where agents perform their tasks in a distributed manner with an aim of stabilizing load voltage and current under normal and faulted conditions through...
Firstly, Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) thin films have been deposited on cleaned soda lime glass substrates at 300°C by using the RF magnetron sputtering technique. After that, Cu thin film was deposited for 5 minutes at 200°C on top of CdCl2 treated CdTe thin films by sputtering. Subsequently, CdTe and Cu stacks were annealed at 400°C for 15 minutes, 20 minutes and 25 minutes in a vacuum furnace. The...
Laser annealing of CdTe thin films with two different wavelengths has been studied in this work. The CdTe thin films were grown by thermal evaporation at a deposition current of 28A and then subjected to post deposition laser annealing at two different wavelengths of 532nm (green) and 1064nm + 532nm (infrared + green). The other parameters like laser output energy, stage velocity and pulse repetition...
The objective of this paper is to present a real-time co-simulation platform for analyzing electric power grid operation, taking into account integrated communication systems. This paper discusses how a co-simulation platform can be set up using OPNET and OPAL-RT as communication and power system simulators, respectively. A simplified distribution automation case study is demonstrated to show how...
This paper presents a distributed multi-agent scheme for enhancing the cyber security of smart grids which integrates computational resources, physical processes, and communication capabilities. Smart grid infrastructures are vulnerable to various cyber attacks and noises whose influences are significant for reliable and secure operations. A distributed agent-based framework is developed to investigate...
In this paper, a distributed multi-agent scheme is presented for reactive power management with renewable energy sources (RESs). The multi-agent system (MAS) framework is developed for distribution systems to improve the stability which is mostly dominated by voltage and the agents in this framework coordinate among themselves using online information and energy flow. In this paper, the agents basically...
The objective of this paper is to propose a human expert-based approach to electrical peak demand management. The proposed approach helps to allocate demand curtailments (MW) among distribution substations (DS) or feeders in an electric utility service area based on requirements of the central load dispatch center. Demand curtailment allocation is quantified by taking into account demand response...
Video is being used in a variety of portable and low powered devices, via online/on-demand services, for personal communications or over heterogeneous/wireless sensor networks. Likewise, perceptual evaluation is being sought, to ensure video sequences maintain perceptual integrity. This raises a challenge, to bring high complexity perceptual algorithms into a low complexity environment. Existing perceptual...
This article describes a project in which an electrical circuit is designed by which an user can turn on/off any electrical appliances i.e. fans, lights and can lock/unlock windows, doors etc. of his/her house or office through sending SMS using a custom built android application to a specific phone number connected to the microcontroller. In this system an android application is used to send instruction...
In this paper, a modified structure for CdTe thin film solar cell was proposed by numerical analysis with an addition of a novel ZnO buffer to improve the conversion efficiency. The CdS window layer was reduced to 50 nm together with the insertion of zinc oxide (ZnO) as the buffer layer to prevent forward leakage current. The thickness of CdTe absorber layer was varied from 1000 nm to 5000 nm and...
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