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The present study explores the effect of upstream disturbances like a single 90°bend, double 90° bends (in plane and out of plane) on the performance of wafer cone flowmeters with same beta ratio (β) of 0.77 but different half cone angles (α) of 30° and 45°. The influence of these disturbances on the upstream and downstream axial velocity (u) profiles are studied experimentally. The orientation effects,...