Search results for: G. Smith

Items from 1 to 20 out of 2,623 results

article

Beyond item analysis: Connecting student behaviour and performance using e‐assessment logs

Hatim Lahza, Tammy G. Smith, Hassan Khosravi

British Journal of Educational Technology > 54 > 1 > 335 - 354

Traditional item analyses such as classical test theory (CTT) use exam‐taker responses to assessment items to approximate their difficulty and discrimination. The increased adoption by educational institutions of electronic assessment platforms (EAPs) provides new avenues for assessment analytics by capturing detailed logs of an exam‐taker's journey through their exam. This paper explores how logs...

article

Ramifications of crop residue loading for soil microbial community composition, activity and nutrient supply

Newton Z. Lupwayi, Benjamin H. Ellert, Eric Bremer, Elwin G. Smith, more

Soil Use and Management > 39 > 1 > 402 - 414

Variable results have been reported on the effects of crop residue loads on soil microbial properties. We investigated changes in soil bacterial composition, β‐glucosidase enzyme activity and nutrient bioavailability in response to wheat residue loading. The treatments included three levels of above‐ground wheat residues (removed, retained or supplemented), with or without fertilizer N. Bacteroidetes...

article

Contraceptive care service provision via telehealth early in the COVID‐19 pandemic at rural and urban federally qualified health centers in 2 southeastern states

Kate Beatty, Michael G. Smith, Amal J. Khoury, Liane M. Ventura, more

The Journal of Rural Health > 39 > 1 > 160 - 171

Purpose To investigate telehealth use for contraceptive service provision among rural and urban federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in Alabama (AL) and South Carolina (SC) during the initial months of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods This is a mixed‐methods study using data from the FQHC Contraceptive Care Survey and key informant interviews with FQHC staff in AL and SC conducted in 2020....

article

Clarifying the evidence for microbial‐ and plant‐derived soil organic matter, and the path toward a more quantitative understanding

Emily D. Whalen, A. Stuart Grandy, Noah W. Sokol, Marco Keiluweit, more

Global Change Biology > 28 > 24 > 7167 - 7185

Predicting and mitigating changes in soil carbon (C) stocks under global change requires a coherent understanding of the factors regulating soil organic matter (SOM) formation and persistence, including knowledge of the direct sources of SOM (plants vs. microbes). In recent years, conceptual models of SOM formation have emphasized the primacy of microbial‐derived organic matter inputs, proposing that...

article

“It's not right”: Nurse perspectives on rural hospital closures: A qualitative study

Jessica G. Smith, Kyrah K. Brown, Melynda Hutchings

Public Health Nursing > 39 > 6 > 1288 - 1299

Objective(s) Despite providing lifesaving care, 106 rural hospitals have closed in the United States since 2010. Although the role of rural hospital nursing is central, limited information is available about closures from a nursing lens. The purpose was to describe rural hospital closure contributors, processes, and outcomes from the perspective of licensed rural nurses in a hospital during its closure...

article

Leaf nitrogen from the perspective of optimal plant function

Ning Dong, Iain Colin Prentice, Ian J. Wright, Han Wang, more

Journal of Ecology > 110 > 11 > 2585 - 2602

Leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA), carboxylation capacity (V_cmax) and leaf nitrogen per unit area (N_area) and mass (N_mass) are key traits for plant functional ecology and ecosystem modelling. There is however no consensus about how these traits are regulated, or how they should be modelled. Here we confirm that observed leaf nitrogen across species and sites can be estimated well from observed...

article

Disentangling Time Use, Food Environment, and Food Behaviors Using Multi‐Channel Sequence Analysis

Bochu Liu, Michael J. Widener, Lindsey G. Smith, Steven Farber, more

Geographical Analysis > 54 > 4 > 881 - 917

Geographic access to food retailers has long been considered an important determinant of food‐related behaviors. Despite methodological improvements in assessing food environments, their associations with food behaviors have remained inconsistent. We argue that one possible reason for these inconsistencies is the lack of information about how an individual’s time use dynamics play out in space. To...

article

CpPosNeg: A positive‐negative selection strategy allowing multiple cycles of marker‐free engineering of the Chlamydomonas plastome

Harry O. Jackson, Henry N. Taunt, Paweł M. Mordaka, Sujata Kumari, more

Biotechnology Journal > 17 > 10 > n/a - n/a

The chloroplast represents an attractive compartment for light‐driven biosynthesis of recombinant products, and advanced synthetic biology tools are available for engineering the chloroplast genome ( = plastome) of several algal and plant species. However, producing commercial lines will likely require several plastome manipulations. This presents issues with respect to selectable markers, since there...

article

Ranges of pregnancy preferences and contraceptive use: Results from a population‐based survey in the southeast United States

Corinne H. Rocca, Michael G. Smith, Nathan L. Hale, Amal J. Khoury

Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health > 54 > 3 > 90 - 98

Context Understanding how pregnancy preferences shape contraceptive use is essential for guiding contraceptive interventions and policies that center individuals' preferences and desires. Lack of rigorous measurement of pregnancy preferences, particularly on the population level, has been a methodologic challenge. Methods We investigated associations between prospective pregnancy preferences, measured...

article

Presence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli, Enterococcusspp. and Salmonellasp. in 12 species of Australian shorebirds and terns

Hannah G. Smith, David C. Bean, Rohan H. Clarke, Richard Loyn, more

Zoonoses and Public Health > 69 > 6 > 615 - 624

Antibiotic resistance is an ongoing threat to both human and animal health. Migratory birds are a potential vector for the spread of novel pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes. To date, there has been no comprehensive study investigating the presence of antibiotic resistance (AMR) in the bacteria of Australian shorebirds or terns. In the current study, 1022 individual birds representing 12 species...

article

Arthropod populations in a sub‐arctic environment facing climate change over a half‐century: variability but no general trend

Göran Andersson, Ted Proschwitz, Christoffer Fägerström, Martin Green, more

Insect Conservation and Diversity > 15 > 5 > 534 - 542

Dramatic declines of some arthropod populations have recently received a lot of attention. Identified declines have mainly been attributed to changes in agriculture, climate, pathogen prevalence and light pollution, as well as cross‐regional effects of, e.g., drifting pesticides. However, the overall picture is complex and debated, and there is a need for systematically collected long‐term data,...

article

Why SLANTing Isn't Enough

August G. Smith

Sociological Forum > 37 > 3 > 915 - 917

article

Exploration of adverse patterns of placement of young people in secure care: The unwanted child?

Jared G. Smith, Annie Bartlett, Heidi Hales

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health > 32 > 3 > 212 - 226

Background Emerging evidence suggests that distant placements and multiple moves may be detrimental to young people in care settings. Less is known about the characteristics of young people in secure care most affected by these processes. Aims This study examined distance from home and number of previous placements in English young people detained in secure care and their relationships with organisational...

article

Thiamine metabolism genes in diatoms are not regulated by thiamine despite the presence of predicted riboswitches

Marcel Llavero‐Pasquina, Katrin Geisler, Andre Holzer, Payam Mehrshahi, more

New Phytologist > 235 > 5 > 1853 - 1867

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), an essential co‐factor for all species, is biosynthesised through a metabolically expensive pathway regulated by TPP riboswitches in bacteria, fungi, plants and green algae. Diatoms are microalgae responsible for c. 20% of global primary production. They have been predicted to contain TPP aptamers in the 3′UTR of some thiamine metabolism‐related genes, but little information...

article

Rising CO₂ and warming reduce global canopy demand for nitrogen

Ning Dong, Ian J. Wright, Jing M. Chen, Xiangzhong Luo, more

New Phytologist > 235 > 5 > 1692 - 1700

Nitrogen (N) limitation has been considered as a constraint on terrestrial carbon uptake in response to rising CO₂ and climate change. By extension, it has been suggested that declining carboxylation capacity (V_cmax) and leaf N content in enhanced‐CO₂ experiments and satellite records signify increasing N limitation of primary production. We predicted V_cmax using the coordination hypothesis and estimated...

article

The impact of subdivisions of microscopically positive (R1) margins on patterns of relapse in stage III colorectal cancer – A retrospective cohort study

Henry G. Smith, Daniel M. Skovgaards, Deepthi Chiranth, Nis H. Schlesinger

Colorectal Disease > 24 > 7 > 828 - 837

Aim Microscopically positive (R1) margins are associated with poorer outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer. However, the impact of subdivisions of R1 margins, be they to the primary tumour (R1 tumour) or to lymph node metastases (R1LNM), on patterns of relapse is unknown. Methods Patients treated for stage III colorectal cancer from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2019 in four specialist centres...

article

Stomatal conductance, not biochemistry, drives low temperature acclimation of photosynthesis in Populus balsamifera, regardless of nitrogen availability

R. S. Kong, D. A. Way, H. A. L. Henry, N. G. Smith, more

Plant Biology > 24 > 5 > 766 - 779

Low‐temperature thermal acclimation may require adjustments to N and water use to sustain photosynthesis because of slow enzyme functioning and high water viscosity. However, understanding of photosynthetic acclimation to temperatures below 11 °C is limited. We acclimated Populus balsamifera to 6 °C and 10 °C (6A and 10A, respectively) and provided the trees with either high or low N fertilizer...

article

Alternations in the foraging behaviour of a primary consumer drive patch transition dynamics in a temperate rocky reef ecosystem

Joshua G. Smith, M. Tim Tinker

Ecology Letters > 25 > 8 > 1827 - 1838

Understanding the role of animal behaviour in linking individuals to ecosystems is central to advancing knowledge surrounding community structure, stability and transition dynamics. Using 22 years of long‐term subtidal monitoring, we show that an abrupt outbreak of purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus), which occurred in 2014 in southern Monterey Bay, California, USA, was primarily driven...

article

Global change re‐structures alpine plant communities through interacting abiotic and biotic effects

Courtney G. Collins, Sarah C. Elmendorf, Jane G. Smith, Lauren Shoemaker, more

Ecology Letters > 25 > 8 > 1813 - 1826

Global change is altering patterns of community assembly, with net outcomes dependent on species' responses to the abiotic environment, both directly and mediated through biotic interactions. Here, we assess alpine plant community responses in a 15‐year factorial nitrogen addition, warming and snow manipulation experiment. We used a dynamic competition model to estimate the density‐dependent and ‐independent...

article

Exploring the onset of B₁₂‐based mutualisms using a recently evolved Chlamydomonas auxotroph and B₁₂‐producing bacteria

Freddy Bunbury, Evelyne Deery, Andrew P. Sayer, Vaibhav Bhardwaj, more

Environmental Microbiology > 24 > 7 > 3134 - 3147

Cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) is a cofactor for essential metabolic reactions in multiple eukaryotic taxa, including major primary producers such as algae, and yet only prokaryotes can produce it. Many bacteria can colonize the algal phycosphere, forming stable communities that gain preferential access to photosynthate and in return provide compounds such as B₁₂. Extended coexistence can then drive gene...

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INFONA - science communication portal

Search results for: G. Smith

Beyond item analysis: Connecting student behaviour and performance using e‐assessment logs

Ramifications of crop residue loading for soil microbial community composition, activity and nutrient supply

Contraceptive care service provision via telehealth early in the COVID‐19 pandemic at rural and urban federally qualified health centers in 2 southeastern states

Clarifying the evidence for microbial‐ and plant‐derived soil organic matter, and the path toward a more quantitative understanding

“It's not right”: Nurse perspectives on rural hospital closures: A qualitative study

Leaf nitrogen from the perspective of optimal plant function

Disentangling Time Use, Food Environment, and Food Behaviors Using Multi‐Channel Sequence Analysis

CpPosNeg: A positive‐negative selection strategy allowing multiple cycles of marker‐free engineering of the Chlamydomonas plastome

Ranges of pregnancy preferences and contraceptive use: Results from a population‐based survey in the southeast United States

Presence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli, Enterococcusspp. and Salmonellasp. in 12 species of Australian shorebirds and terns

Arthropod populations in a sub‐arctic environment facing climate change over a half‐century: variability but no general trend

Why SLANTing Isn't Enough

Exploration of adverse patterns of placement of young people in secure care: The unwanted child?

Thiamine metabolism genes in diatoms are not regulated by thiamine despite the presence of predicted riboswitches

Rising CO₂ and warming reduce global canopy demand for nitrogen

The impact of subdivisions of microscopically positive (R1) margins on patterns of relapse in stage III colorectal cancer – A retrospective cohort study

Stomatal conductance, not biochemistry, drives low temperature acclimation of photosynthesis in Populus balsamifera, regardless of nitrogen availability

Alternations in the foraging behaviour of a primary consumer drive patch transition dynamics in a temperate rocky reef ecosystem

Global change re‐structures alpine plant communities through interacting abiotic and biotic effects

Exploring the onset of B₁₂‐based mutualisms using a recently evolved Chlamydomonas auxotroph and B₁₂‐producing bacteria

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