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Influences of user's posture and contact conditions of electrodes on the transmission characteristics of human body communication (HBC) were studied. A subject wore a transmitter on the left wrist and touched the receiver electrode with his right or left index finger. User's postures were selected from possible scenarios in practical applications. Electrodes of the transmitter and/or the receiver...
Human body communication (HBC) is a wireless transmission method that utilizes the human body as part of the transmission medium. A signal is transmitted by weak electric current through the human body and by capacitive coupling between transmitter, receiver, human body, and floor. Capacitive coupling with the floor is often included in the transmission models of HBC; however, its contribution is...
Human body communication (HBC) is a wireless communication method that uses human body as part of the transmission medium. It uses electrodes instead of antennas to generate electric field around the human body. This electric field forms capacitive couplings between transmitter, receiver, human body, and surrounding environment. Transmission from a transmitter on user's wrist to an off-body receiver...
In Human Body Communication (HBC), electrodes are equivalent to antennas in other wireless communication. Transmission from a transmitter worn on the wrist to an off-body receiver touched by the subject's finger at frequency of 10 MHz was investigated. The received signal voltage was measured for transmission electrodes of several different dimensions and electrode distances. The results were compared...
Ground loop through the floor is often modeled in the transmission model of Human Body Communication (HBC). This paper reports evaluation of ground loop through the floor in HBC between two subjects shaking their hands, and HBC between a subject and a stationary receiver on the floor. Subjects wore a transmitter or a receiver on the wrist. Received signal strength was measured on carpet-covered aluminum...
In order to prototype applications and evaluate characteristics of human body communication (HBC), transmitter/receiver modules were designed. A transmitter module incorporated a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) to provide a modulated signal. A receiver module utilized the 10.7-MHz intermediate frequency part of the low-power radio receiver module. These newly designed modules are compatible with...
When a transmitter for human body communication is worn by a human user, this transmitter-human body system can be regarded as a signal source as viewed from a receiver that is in contact with the human body. We evaluated the equivalent output impedance of this signal source, which is an important parameter for front end design of a receiver. The impedance was capacitive and the value was in the order...
Transmission characteristics of human body communication at 20 MHz were measured by using a battery operated transmitter and a receiver to eliminate undesirable coupling between cables for measurement or power supply. Received signal strength indication (RSSI) was recorded on the memory of the receiver and retrieved afterward. Transmission from chest to wrist was measured, assuming a transmission...
Human body communication (HBC) is expected to become a unique man-machine interface because the transmission path is established only when the user touches the target device. In this study, HBC between a stationary device and a wearable device worn on the wrist was investigated. Transmission characteristics between the devices and electric field around the human body model were calculated by electromagnetic...
In Human Body Communication, it is important to investigate the input impedance characteristics of the electrodes for improving the qualities of communication. For rapid analysis and development of phantom, an approximation model is needed. In this paper, we proposed newly developed homogenous human arm model which consists of single material. Input impedance characteristics of the homogenous model...
In human body communication system, it is important to investigate the input impedance characteristics of the electrodes for improving the qualities of communication. For rapid and freedom analysis, an approximation model is needed. In this paper, we compared input impedance characteristics of detailed model with that of approximation model which has a multilayered cylindrical structure. As a result,...
Human body communication is expected as a new human interface for communications among several persons. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the transmission characteristics between human bodies. In this paper, we compared the transmission characteristics between transmitter and receiver in the viewpoint of contact situation between two bodies. Moreover, the effect of receiver position on transmission...
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