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A W-band backward wave oscillator (BWO) based on metamaterial (MTM) slow wave structure (SWS) is presented as a novel high power microwave generator. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation is performed to evaluate the efficiency of the W-band MTM-based BWO (MTMBWO), and the MTMBWO can reach saturated output power of 2.78MW with an electronic efficiency of 31.68% at frequency of 84.87GHz.
Using DNA microarray technology, biologists get a large number of gene expression time series data. Clustering is a significant approach to extracting biological information from these data. This paper proposes a novel clustering method, HMM-based hierarchical clustering (HMM-HC), to analyze gene expression time series data. We convert time-point data to discrete symbols on the base of the fact that...
In order to formulate the skewness, excess kurtosis of the stock price and model uncertainty, this paper concerns a g-martingale characterization of value process of American put-option in a jump-diffusion model; Furthermore, we give a new free boundary problem tool for pricing the American put-option. And we can compute the size of model uncertainty by the market data. Our methods lead to an effective...
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