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Franz Joseph Gall (1758–1828) introduced a new theory of mind and brain at the end of the eighteenth century, which he referred to as organology, dealing with mental functions and their cortical localizations. Gall wrote that observations regarding the verbal learning capacities of his schoolmates brought about his new way of thinking. This widely accepted view, however, requires qualification. Although...
Historical observations of disorders of language have been reported from Pharaonic medical texts circa 3000 bc, the Hippocratic corpus circa 400 bc, Latin texts circa 1st century ad, through the Renaissance and in various 17th and 18th century texts. In none of the extant historical papers, however, have certain critical elements of aphasia been discussed, i.e. the distinction between a disorder...
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