Search results for: Antoni Sawicki
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The article contains the justification for undertaking a study concerning the impact of random disturbances of AC arc on power supply systems of welding machines. In addition, the paper describes principles governing the development of arc macromodels using controlled voltage and current sources. Particular attention is paid to the magnitude of harmonic distortions of the THD+N signal (helpful in...
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The article discusses selected structural and operational properties of DC and AC arc plasma torches. References cited in the article contain generalised analytical expressions identifying experimental current-voltage characteristics of typical arc plasma torches. Values of coefficients in formulas approximating static current-voltage characteristics depend not only on the type and the polarity of...
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The heterogeneous physical structure of electric arc inspired a proposal to consider separately the generation of random disturbances of electric waveforms in the plasma column and in near-electrode areas. The article presents selected mathematical correlations which could be used to assess parameters of noisy signals in arc devices. Depending on the type of generated noise (white, pink, red), it...
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The article discusses modified formulas identifying static current-voltage characteristics of arc in AC plasma torches. The modified formulas, making it possible take into account preset values of discharge ignition voltage, were used in the Mayr-Pentegov universal mathematical model. As a result, it was possible to simulate the operation of additional ionising and stabilising systems, commonly used...
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The article presents universal mathematical static current-voltage characteristics-based models of electric arc and indicates primary issues concerned with arc diagnostics related to the determination of the above-named models. Particular attention was paid to the experimental determination of AC-powered arc voltage. Diagnostics-related purposes involved the use of bridge systems with one or two sources...
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The article discusses selected physical properties of industrial ultrasonic equipment utilising the magnetostrictive or electrostrictive effect. Particular attention was paid to equipment enabling the ultrasonic welding of various metals and thermoplastics. The research involved the comparison of various designs and operation of technological equipment, taking into account selected energy, control...
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The second part of the overview article discusses general features of the design and operation of selected industrial arc plasma torches. Because of their structural and operating differences, plasma torch power supply systems with internal and partly external arc are discussed separately. Particular attention was paid to the design of electric systems used for the initiation of arc discharges. Because...
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The article presents the justified use of functions containing the exponential component for the approximation of the static current-voltage characteristics of electric arc. The Author proposed a new function approximating the above-named characteristics which were next used in the mathematical Mayr-Pentegov model, expressed in two, i.e. differential and integral, forms. The two forms constituted...
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The article presents selected physical properties of electric arc used in welding engineering as well as discusses differences in requirements concerning ionisers used to initiate and re-initiate electric arc. In addition, the article compares properties of ioniser systems used to stabilise electric arc burning as well as discusses spark gap and semiconductor systems generating high-frequency and...
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Archives of Electrical Engineering > 2021 > Vol. 70, nr 1 > 89--102
Mathematical models of electric an arc with disturbed geometric sizes were created based on initial assumptions adopted from the Mayr and Cassie models. Two cases of approximation of arc characteristics were considered separately. The Mayr–Voronin model was created in the low-current range with an exponential dependence of conductance on plasma enthalpy. However, the Cassie–Voronin model created is...
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Archives of Electrical Engineering > 2021 > Vol. 70, nr 4 > 819--834
This paper describes modifications of the Mayr and Cassie models of the electric arc. They include the phenomena of increased heat dissipation and non-zero residual conductance when the current passes through zero. The modified models are combined into a new hybrid model connecting them in parallel and activated by a weight function. Two cases of functional dependence of models on current intensity...
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The article discusses the basic properties of the Mayr-Pentegov mathematical model of electric arc. The study involved the selection of a set of generalised functions enabling the approximation of static voltage-current characteristics. The functions were used to determine the derivatives of the conductance function in relation to the squared current (used to calculate the non-linear damping function)...
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Przegląd Elektrotechniczny > 2020 > R. 96, nr 5 > 59--62
Przeanalizowano źródła zaburzeń zjawisk fizycznych powstające podczas pracy plazmotronu gliding arc. Podano uzasadnienie stosowania zmodyfikowanego modelu Woronina łuku elektrycznego do symulacji procesów elektrycznych w obwodzie z plazmotronem. Ze względu na wprowadzoną postać hybrydową modelu możliwe było odwzorowywanie charakterystyk dynamicznych kolumny plazmowej w warunkach szerokiego zakresu...
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Przegląd Elektrotechniczny > 2020 > R. 96, nr 3 > 67--72
W artykule opisano zjawiska zachodzące w obwodzie wielkoprądowym elektrycznego pieca łukowego AC. Odwzorowano wpływ zmian długości kolumny łukowej na parametry modelu matematycznego Pentegowa łuku elektrycznego wykorzystującego statyczną charakterystykę napięciowo-prądową. W wyniku symulacji otrzymano dynamiczne charakterystyki napięciowo-prądowe łuków elektrycznych. Na podstawie analizy danych pomiarowych...
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Śląskie Wiadomości Elektryczne > 2020 > Nr 2-3 (130) > 30--36
Opisano wpływy tradycji, systemów religijnych i prawnych w dawnych społeczeństwach na ograniczanie możliwości edukacji i ekspresji zawodowej kobiet. Pokazano, jak dzięki wielkiej determinacji i talentom, niektórym kobietom udawało się jednak pokonywać te przeszkody. Na przykładach wybitnych i zasłużonych kobiet wykazano ich bardzo znaczący udział w rozwoju współczesnej nauki i techniki. Stanowi to...
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Acta Energetica > 2020 > nr 3 > 8--15
The need to develop the theory of electric arc modelling with dynamically variable parameters is demonstrated. The Mayr-Pentegov model modification allowed mapping the effect of changes in static and dynamic parameters of the plasma column on the voltage-current characteristics of the arc. As examples, two variants of static voltage-current characteristics with an unspecified and determined ignition...
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Acta Energetica > 2020 > nr 2 > 57--64
The preliminary assumptions necessary to create a known mathematical model of an electric arc with a radius as a state variable are described. Besides the differential form, the integral form of this model is also presented. A hybrid model of an arc in the differential and integral forms has also been created. Weighting functions depending either on the current or on the resultant conductance were...
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Acta Energetica > 2020 > nr 2 > 65--72
Opisano założenia wstępne niezbędne do utworzenia znanego modelu matematycznego łuku elektrycznego o promieniu jako zmiennej stanu. Oprócz postaci różniczkowej zaprezentowano także postać całkową tego modelu. Utworzono także model hybrydowy łuku w postaciach różniczkowej i całkowej. Zastosowano funkcje wagowe zależne albo od natężenia prądu, albo od wypadkowej konduktancji. W sposób symulacyjny zbadano...
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The article justifies the application of explicitly defined static current and voltage characteristics in mathematical models of dynamic electric arc. The study involved the use of the generalised function approximating the above-named characteristics to create the differential and integral forms of the Novikov-Schellhase, Pentegov and Mayr-Pentegov mathematical models. Macromodels of arc were developed...
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The article presents selected tapering functions useful when creating hybrid models and functions approximating static current-voltage characteristics of arc. The research work involved the formation and verification of families of static current-voltage characteristics with defined values of voltage ignition and the extension of approximating possibilities of the formulas through the use of tapering...
