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Aluminium ions inhibit growth of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Disruption of the SSO2 gene increased the susceptibility to aluminium. Sso2p belongs to the soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) family. SSO2 has one paralogue, SSO1, which encodes Sso1p. The SNARE complex containing Sso1/2p plays a role in the recognition of plasma membrane targeted...
Analysis from All Over the World When Y.I. joined the carabid research team, BRH members S.O., Z.-H.S., and others had already completed analyses of most of the Japanese Carabinae species with considerable assistance from Osamu Tominaga. The group was hoping to extend their analysis to species found in other countries. To carry out work on a worldwide scale, the greatest challenge was procuring useable...
It is now relatively easy to determine the nucleotide sequence of DNA and construct a phylogenetic tree with the aid of a personal computer using techniques taken from analytical biochemistry. To be able to effectively evaluate the resultant phylogenetic tree, however, one must have a fundamental understanding of the DNA structure, population genetics, and molecular evolution.
Eulepto car abus portecticollis is endemic to Japan and is sporadically distributed solely in Honshu, from the Tohoku District (eastern Honshu) to the Chugoku District (western Honshu)(Fig. 7.1). The distribution pattern suggests that this species is well isolated geographically in various places, and yet only two subspecies have been identified, based on minor morphological differences...
The samples collected and used in this study cover almost the entire distribution range of carabid beetles (Fig. 2.1). Specimens come from more than 500 locations in about 35 countries. The samples represent more than 90% of the carabid genera and include about a half of the entire carabid species so far discovered.
There are now known to be about 150 species of Cychrini which are classified into four genera. All these beetles are without hind wings and have elytra fused at suture, so that they cannot fly, having undergone considerable geographically linked speciation. The range of their distribution is restricted to the Northern Hemisphere.
The purpose of phylogenetic studies based on the principle of the molecular clock is primarily to trace the evolutionary history of the organisms under examination, rather than taxonomic classification. However, molecular phylogenetic data are quite often useful in taxonomic classification, although the findings produced by phylogenetic studies in many cases produce results at great variance from...
As described in Section 5.4.2, Imura (1996) divided about 1,000 species belonging to the subtribe Carabina of the world into eight (sub)divisions and 94 (sub)genera, and Březina (1999) recognized 114 (sub)genera. These researchers reasoned that there was such a large number of genera primarily on the basis of the considerable morphological diversity of this group. Examining phylogenetic relationships...
In 1968, one of the authors, Syozo Osawa (S.O.), and his collaborators found that ribosomal protein composition is different in each bacterial species when analyzed with carboxymethyl-cellulose column chromatography. At that time, he was not aware of the now well-known work done by Zuckerkandl and Pauling (1965) on the molecular evolution of hemoglobin molecules, and the neutral theory of molecular...
Carabid ground beetles, sometimes called "walking jewels", are among the most thoroughly investigated insects in the world. This book presents the results of molecular phylogenetic analyses of 2000 specimens, including 350 species and that cover more than 90% of the known genera, from 500 localities in 35 countries. These comprehensive analyses using mitochondrial DNA-based dating suggest...
An iron (Fe)-binding substance (FeBS) was sought for the marine diatom Thalassiosirapseudonana, because the organism is devoid of a gene that encodes the predominant Fe storage protein ferritin. High-performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma/emission mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP/MS) analysis of an extract of diatom cells indicated the presence of an FeBS specific to the...
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is a ubiquitous enzyme important in the food industry. Although PPO activity followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics at catechol concentrations of up to 1 mM, it slowly decreased at catechol concentrations above 2 mM. This result indicated that in addition to the active site (site A), the enzyme possesses a second catechol-binding site (site B) that exerts an inhibitory effect...
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