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In deep waters, both the natural acoustic systems (such as marine mammals) and artificial acoustic systems (like underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) and sonar users) use acoustic signals for communication, echolocation, sensing, and detection. This makes the channel spectrum, heavily shared by UWSNs posing several salient features such as narrow bandwidth, long propagation delay, and high packet loss...
The mesh network has propagated rapidly, because of the Internet. All over the world, many people cannot use the Internet, because the Internet cable is not installed. So many mesh network communities try to set up the mesh network nodes and manage it. By its effort, there are more than 50 thousand mesh nodes in the world. However, there are no enough people who can make the mesh network and can manage...
The potentials of Internet of Things (IoT) are unlimited and a lot of IoT based applications have been recently explored. In IoT networks, anything can be enabled with network connectivity anytimes, and at anyplace. Path establishement from the source to the sink is an integral part of the IoT network. IPv6 Routing protocol for Low-power and Lossy networks (RPL) is a promising routing protocol for...
In Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs), developing an energy efficient routing protocol is a challenge due to the peculiar characteristics of UWSNs. In this paper, we therefore propose an energy-efficient routing protocol, called ERP2R (Energy-efficient Routing Protocol based on Physical distance and Residual energy). ERP2R is based on a novel idea of utilizing the physical distances of the...
Communications in underwater wireless sensor networks have a lot of limitations as compared to those in terrestrial sensor networks. In wireless sensor networks, a routing protocol finds a path between the source and sink nodes according to a routing metric. The hop count is the most widely used routing metric, however, it cannot reflect the quality of a link. It is expected that a link quality aware...
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