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The paper investigates the history of two words which many authors have regarded as polysemes: OPol. bantować ‘to punish (with exile)’ (attested four times in decrees of punishment, from 1475 to 1500, and there is one attestation from 1519 the meaning of which remains, however, uncertain) and MPol. ~ Pol. dial. bantować which, generally speaking, means ‘to torment’ (attested since 1614). Interpreted...
Although a number of authors have already outlined the Slavonic components in Karaim, the Polish, Russian or Ukrainian elements have yet to be addressed separately. The reason for such a state of affairs is that the above mentioned Slavonic languages are very similar to one other, hence many features of Slavonic origin in Karaim are simply indistinguishable as far as their precise roots are concerned...
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