Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can noninvasively and focally stimulate the cerebral cortex, inducing a transient and safe interruption of brain function. Although its detailed mechanisms of action still need to be fully elucidated, it has been successfully applied to investigate encoding and retrieval phases during episodic long-term memory tasks, both in the visuospatial and verbal domains. The effects of rTMS are behaviorally measurable; therefore, it seems to be a good complementary approach to more traditional neuroimaging and electroencephalographic techniques for the investigation of the working brain.