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IEEE Std. 1584 specifies that capacitors must be part of the arc-flash study. The software tools generally adopted for analytical studies are not suitable for the calculation of the arc-fault incident energy in the presence of capacitor banks. The reason for this deficiency is that the model of the electrical network is only valid for the analysis of short circuit currents at the fundamental frequency...
Population growth increases the neighboring between high voltage infrastructure and residential properties. Also, it increases the joint use easements between high voltage transmission lines and other infrastructure, such as pipelines. Overhead earth wire forms essential elements when it comes to safety compliance to allowable voltage limits. The impacts of the overhead earth wire on the system safety...
Waveforms can reveal what is a normal operation within your distribution and what is not. When fault current is detected, waveforms of the event and background information (e.g. temperature, GPS location, time) can reveal a lot not only about the real-time conditions of your electric grid, but these signatures could also hold the keys to predicting how to prevent future problems before they arise...
The detection system in substation of medium voltage overhead line can mostly detect only low impedance fault, neither broken conductor on the source side with high impedance, nor broken conductor on the load side with even direct to ground. This paper presents novel method to characterize such faults using time shifting in 3 phase line current. It can be applied, however, in parallel with the conventional...
A new time-domain approach of locating transitory, sub-cycle faults is introduced with a detailed formula derivation of the fault distance calculation for a single line-to-ground fault in the circuit of a substation, utilizing only the discrete voltage and current samples obtained at the substation. The formula is obtained from an equivalent circuit of the faulted circuit with voltage injection and...
Using vacuum technology in 100% of distribution switchgears will increase the number of vacuum interrupters in the network by a factor of 20. Here a statistical analysis is used to evaluate the consequences of a complete substitution of Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) by vacuum insultaed Switchgears on the reliability of a cable network. Frequency of insulation failures is similar to this due to the...
This paper describes a post fault investigation into an undesired operation of a protective device in a permissive overreaching transfer tripping scheme at a 120 kV substation. The paper includes a system description, an event analysis, and a proposed solution.
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