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In recent years, the number of consumers who install cogeneration systems which contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions is increasing. To cope with this growing trend, it is necessary for the customers to pay attention to the strategies in employing multiple generators or sharing generators. In such circumstances, optimal operation methods for multiple generators and the estimation of the proper...
Today, the interest on distributed generation has been increasing, especially due to technical development on generation systems that meet environmental and energy policy concerns. One of the most important distributed energy technologies is Combined Heat and Power (CHP). CHP is small and self-contained electric generation plan that can provide power for household applications, commercial or industrial...
This research examines optimal operation of microgrid systems. Microgrids are disaggregated from main transmission grid. Microgrids are able to integrate distributed renewable energy, take advantage of waste heat, provide higher power reliability, reduce electricity transmission loss, and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. The study considers solar power, wind power, biomass power, gas turbine, fuel...
Cogeneration is generally used in the heat and power configuration; the trigeneration includes the production of cooling energy from the prime motor heat recovery, the distributed generation is thus able to meet different energy requirements whether it be electricity, heat and cold. Utility plants only produce electricity and need cooling media such as river or sea water. Under an optimal deployment...
Supplying a reliable, efficient, economic electrical service to all customers is the basic responsibility of utilities. However, increasing penetration of new customers in distribution grids as dispersed generation (DG), electric heating systems and electric vehicles (EV), makes conventional operation of energy supply systems difficult while meeting the aforementioned responsibility. Therefore, the...
Emerging new technologies like distributed generation, distributed storage, and demand-side load management will change the way we consume and produce energy. These techniques enable the possibility to reduce the greenhouse effect and improve grid stability by optimizing energy streams. By smartly applying future energy production, consumption, and storage techniques, a more energy-efficient electricity...
Increasing energy prices and the greenhouse effect lead to more awareness of energy efficiency of electricity supply. During the last years, a lot of technologies have been developed to improve this efficiency. Next to large scale technologies such as wind turbine parks, domestic technologies are developed. These domestic technologies can be divided in (1) Distributed Generation (DG), (2) Energy Storage...
In times of an ageing power grid in many developed countries and large shares of non-grid-connected areas in developing countries, alternatives to the conventional power infrastructure of centralized generation and grid distributed power become ever more important. Using locally available energy carriers for micro-scale decentralized generation could provide both energy self-sufficiency and security...
This paper addresses unit commitment for micro-grid optimization including renewable sources, working under deregulated power market. As micro-grid supplies both of heat and electricity consumer, operational optimization must be done in coordination. So far in this paper, renewable energy sources are considered to be negative load, and batteries, as well, are used as the load flattened device to raise...
This paper introduce the possibility of the city energy shortage in the summer and dealing with the emergency cases with the gas-electricity peak shaving method to ensure security energy supply of city in accordance with distributed energy system (DES), such as the gas turbine power generation central heating and cooling technologies. Simultaneously, this paper explain the feasibility of gas fired...
In this study market opportunities for very smallscale (1-2kWe) micro-CHP (=muCHP) units in domestic dwellings in Flanders (Belgium) were explored. From all available muCHP technologies, the Stirling-based units seem the only ones to be very close to commercial market introduction, followed by (O)RC based units. With the scope limited to 5 years ahead, the total market potential has been estimated...
In the migration towards ICT-enabled power systems, smart metering plays a crucial role. Smart metering allows energy efficiency to be attained via price stimuli in different tariff schemes. An investigation of a case study for residential applications in Flanders shows that demand response allows substantial cost savings beyond the current double tariff rate. However, in the case for which distributed...
With the increase in the number of distributed energy resources and the amount of intelligence in electricity infrastructures, the possibilities for minimizing costs of household energy consumption increase. Household systems are hybrid systems, in the sense that they exhibit both continuous and discrete dynamics. In this paper the mixed-logical dynamic framework is used to construct a dynamic model...
Microgrids may be a prospective power system that addresses the renewable energy technologies (RET) accompanying necessary growing deployment of distributed energy resources (DER), especially small-scale combined heat and power (CHP) and small-scale renewable energy sources (RES). This article introduces the RET expected to be applied in the microgrids system depending on the RES. The RET include:...
The CANMET Energy Technology Center (CETC) is the energy research arm of the federal department of Natural Resources Canada. CETC supports research, development, and demonstration activities in a number of areas including distributed generation and energy storage. This paper provides an overview of the activities carried out by CETC related to DG and energy storage with specific project examples.
The activities and present state of R&D and deployment of residential fuel cells in Japan are presented. More than 2,000 fuel cell systems using polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEFC) have been installed to general homes by the end of 2007. The development of residential solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems is also being promoted toward market launch. The activities of Osaka Gas Ltd. are...
Distributed cogeneration systems fired by natural gas could represent an important means for increasing the energy generation efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, the sustainability of a large diffusion of this kind of systems, above all in urban areas, should be assessed against possible increase of local pollutant emissions. In this paper, general models, indicators and analyses...
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