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A key feature of smart grids is the use of demand side resources to provide flexibility to the energy system and thus increase its efficiency. Multienergy systems where different energy vectors such as gas, electricity, and heat are optimized simultaneously prove to be a valuable source of demand side flexibility. However, planning of such systems may be extremely challenging, particularly in the...
This paper presents a trigeneration energy facility, optimization approach based on genetic algorithms and specialized software. The trigeneration facility is considered as an energy hub. This type of plant is able to simultaneously replace in households the electric power supplied from the system, centralized heating and/or hot water generation and air conditioning or refrigeration installations.
Many residential houses combine residential fuel cell (FC) systems with photovoltaic (PV) systems. Under Japan's Feed-in Tariff Program, utilities must purchase electricity generated by PV systems at high prices. As a result, most generated power is sold, not used in homes, and FC system output follows demand. The currently high purchase price of generated electricity is not likely to continue indefinitely,...
Different reasons such as improvement of supply security, efficiency enhancement and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, has pushed engineers and policy makers in many countries to decide about developing distributed generation more than before. After employing large-scale Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems for many years, rising energy price and technological developments of small heat engines...
This paper describes an algorithm to deal with the scheduling problem in the Microgrids management. The proposed implementation includes the modelling of domestic electrical devices and takes into account the variable electricity market price.
Demonstration is a key step for the deployment of smart grids. Several demonstration projects have been launched in France and others are under preparation to validate both technical solutions, and their economic and social hypotheses. This paper gives an overview of existing and future demonstration projects on smart grids in France in which EDF and/or ERDF are involved. More specifically, three...
In Europe, the building sector consumes more than 40% of final energy use. The Directive on Energy Performance in Buildings (EPBD), adopted in 2002 and updated in 2010, is the main legislative instrument for energy efficiency in the building sector in the EU. This paper shortly demonstrates how it is possible to fulfill the “zero energy” objective imposed by the directive recast for new buildings...
This paper introduces and discusses a methodology to model and assess the impact of distributed electro-thermal technologies such as Distributed Combined Heat and Power (DCHP) and Electric Heat Pump (EHP) on LV distribution networks. Modelling of load and generation for both electricity and heat is carried out as the starting point of the analysis. In this way, it is possible to capture the relevant...
Today, the interest on distributed generation has been increasing, especially due to technical development on generation systems that meet environmental and energy policy concerns. One of the most important distributed energy technologies is Combined Heat and Power (CHP). CHP is small and self-contained electric generation plan that can provide power for household applications, commercial or industrial...
Most residential-used electricity is nowadays generated at inefficient central power plants consuming environmental unfriendly resources like coal or natural gas. However, a trend towards distributed generation, distributed storage and demand side load management is seen to improve the energy efficiency. In order to analyze the impact and requirements of these emerging technologies and control methodologies,...
Cogeneration is generally used in the heat and power configuration; the trigeneration includes the production of cooling energy from the prime motor heat recovery, the distributed generation is thus able to meet different energy requirements whether it be electricity, heat and cold. Utility plants only produce electricity and need cooling media such as river or sea water. Under an optimal deployment...
According to operation characteristics of a microgrid with fluctuant energy, such as solar energy, wind energy and alike, a multi-objective economic dispatching model for microgrid is proposed. These objectives are to minimize the production cost, customer outage cost and emission pollution cost. Taking into account characteristics of the proposed model, the maximum fuzzy satisfaction degree method...
Increasing energy prices and the greenhouse effect lead to more awareness of energy efficiency of electricity supply. During the last years, a lot of technologies have been developed to improve this efficiency. Next to large scale technologies such as wind turbine parks, domestic technologies are developed. These domestic technologies can be divided in (1) Distributed Generation (DG), (2) Energy Storage...
Increasing energy prices and the greenhouse effect lead to more awareness of energy efficiency of electricity supply. During the last years, a lot of domestic technologies have been developed to improve this efficiency. These technologies on their own already improve the efficiency, but more can be gained by a combined management. Multiple optimization objectives can be used to improve the efficiency,...
In this study market opportunities for very smallscale (1-2kWe) micro-CHP (=muCHP) units in domestic dwellings in Flanders (Belgium) were explored. From all available muCHP technologies, the Stirling-based units seem the only ones to be very close to commercial market introduction, followed by (O)RC based units. With the scope limited to 5 years ahead, the total market potential has been estimated...
Microgrids may be a prospective power system that addresses the renewable energy technologies (RET) accompanying necessary growing deployment of distributed energy resources (DER), especially small-scale combined heat and power (CHP) and small-scale renewable energy sources (RES). This article introduces the RET expected to be applied in the microgrids system depending on the RES. The RET include:...
By combining a cluster of microCHP appliances, a virtual power plant can be formed. To use such a virtual power plant, a good heat demand prediction of individual households is needed since the heat demand determines the production capacity. In this paper we present the results of using neural networks techniques to predict the heat demand of individual households. This prediction is required to determine...
The CANMET Energy Technology Center (CETC) is the energy research arm of the federal department of Natural Resources Canada. CETC supports research, development, and demonstration activities in a number of areas including distributed generation and energy storage. This paper provides an overview of the activities carried out by CETC related to DG and energy storage with specific project examples.
The activities and present state of R&D and deployment of residential fuel cells in Japan are presented. More than 2,000 fuel cell systems using polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEFC) have been installed to general homes by the end of 2007. The development of residential solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems is also being promoted toward market launch. The activities of Osaka Gas Ltd. are...
Distributed cogeneration systems fired by natural gas could represent an important means for increasing the energy generation efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, the sustainability of a large diffusion of this kind of systems, above all in urban areas, should be assessed against possible increase of local pollutant emissions. In this paper, general models, indicators and analyses...
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