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Background and aimsKnowledge of the personality characteristics of individuals who develop gambling problems is important for designing targeted prevention efforts. Previous studies of the relationship between the five‐factor model of personality and gambling problems were based on small samples not representative of the general population. We estimated differences in neuroticism, extroversion, intellect,...
Background and AimsWhile there is broad recognition of the high societal costs of substance use disorders (SUD), treatment rates are low. We examined whether, in the United States, participants with substance or alcohol use disorder would report a greater willingness to enter SUD treatment located in a primary care setting (primary care) or more commonly found specialty care setting in the United...
AimsTo determine whether signs of current depression predict attempts to quit smoking, and short‐term abstinence among those who try, and to test moderating effects of gender and cessation support (pharmacological and behavioural).
DesignProspective cohort with approximately annual waves. Among smokers at one wave we assessed outcomes at the next wave using mixed‐effects logistic regressions.
SettingWaves...
Background and aimsNalmefene has been approved in Europe for the treatment of alcohol dependence and subsequently recommended by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). This study examines critically the evidence base underpinning both decisions and the issues arising.
MethodsPublished studies of nalmefene were identified through a systematic search, with documents from the...
Background and AimsChronic pain is difficult to treat in individuals with substance use disorders and, when not resolved, can have a negative impact on substance use disorder treatment outcomes. This study tested the efficacy of a psychosocial pain management intervention, ImPAT (improving pain during addiction treatment), that combines pain management with content related to managing pain without...
AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of an online school‐based prevention program for ecstasy (MDMA) and new psychoactive substances (NPS).
DesignCluster randomized controlled trial with two groups (intervention and control).
SettingEleven secondary schools in Australia.
ParticipantsA total of 1126 students (mean age: 14.9 years).
InterventionThe internet‐based Climate Schools: Ecstasy and Emerging Drugs module...
Background and AimsDepression and anxiety are often comorbid with alcoholism and contribute to craving and relapse. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of life‐time diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), substance‐induced depression (SID), anxiety disorder (AnxD) and substance‐induced anxiety (SIA), the effects of these comorbidities on the propensity to drink in negative emotional states (negative...
AimsTo determine whether abstinence or relapse on a quit attempt in the previous year is associated with current depressive symptoms.
DesignProspective cohort with approximately annual waves. Mixed‐effect logistic regressions tested whether time 2 (T2) quitting status was associated with reporting symptoms at T2, and whether time 1 (T1) symptoms moderated this relationship.
SettingWaves 5–8 of the...
ContextElectronic cigarettes are currently polarizing professional opinion. Some public health experts regard them as an effective smoking cessation aid and a vital means of reducing active and passive smoking, while others regard them as another attempt by the tobacco industry to create new customers and addicts. These different attitudes unsurprisingly yield different conclusions regarding both...
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