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Histotripsy uses high-pressure, microsecond-length pulses to generate cavitation microbubbles to fractionate targeted tissue. After the collapse of a cavitation cloud, remnant microbubbles can persist for a second or longer before passively dissolving. These bubbles can act as seed nuclei for subsequent cavitation events reducing treatment efficiency because the nuclei are not well distributed through...
Histotripsy is considered a non-invasive therapeutic modality capable of mechanically fractionating tissue using cavitation bubbles induced by high intensity focused ultrasound pulses. Histotripsy-induced cavitation region over relatively large focal volume is effective in treating sizable lesion, while compromising its treatment precision. We demonstrate high-precision cavitation treatment using...
About 1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer. Histological tumor grade and biological markers such as oestrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are prognostic indicators for the clinical response to medical treatment and patient prognosis. Breast ultrasound (US) is mainly used to diagnose breast cancer or guide breast biopsies. However,...
The primary aim of this work was to develop and study the potential of Capacitive Micro-machined Ultrasound Transducers (CMUTs) for dual-mode ultrasound therapy and imaging. This was investigated in the context of Ultrasound-guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (USgHIFU) designed for endocavitary HIFU tissue ablation of the prostate gland. The hypothesis is that this CMUT design could offer potential...
Lateral resolution and therefore image quality in ultrasound is tied to aperture size. While this relationship is understood in ideal imaging conditions, the utility of a large aperture in the presence of clutter is unknown. This problem is particularly relevant to abdominal imaging where thick tissue layers and deep targets create a challenging imaging environment. Previous studies have focused on...
Bulk thermal ablation, including radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as well as microwave and ultrasound (US) ablation, is an important approach to tumor treatment. To avoid incomplete treatments and cancer recurrence while reducing morbidity, a real-time monitoring and control approach, capable of providing consistent thermal ablation in minimum time, is needed. Echo decorrelation imaging has been successfully...
Changes in microvascular structure and flow is of clinical importance in the study of a number of disease processes such as cancer and diabetes. Ultrasound is often the primary imaging procedure performed to determine appropriate treatment or surgery for testicular lesions. Currently, however, differentiation and diagnosis of both benign and malignant testicular tumours such as seminomas, leydig cell...
It is highly desirable to monitor microwave ablation (MWA) treatments noninvasively for substantially improving the clinical implementation of MWA procedures and progress toward full clinical uses worldwide. This paper explored the feasibility of using ultrasonic Nakagami imaging to evaluate the thermal lesion induced by microwave ablation (MWA) in porcine liver. 2-D RF data backscattered from the...
The use of shock waves for enhancing thermal effects and mechanically ablating tissue is gaining increased attention in high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) applications such as tumor treatment, drug delivery, noninvasive biopsy, and immunotherapy. For abdominal targets, the presence of ribs and inhomogeneous adipose tissue can affect shock formation through aberration, absorption, and diffraction...
A novel hundred-microsecond histotripsy treatment method is proposed. This method utilizes the confocal dual-frequency of second harmonic superimposition control approach. A custom-designed transducer consisting of two confocal spherical-annular element arrays is used. The frequencies of the transducer are 1.1 and 2.2 MHz, and the peak negative pressures are 5 MPa and 12 MPa with shock wave. Due to...
Pancreatic cancer is associated with poor clinical outcomes primarily due to the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Endoscopic harmonic ultrasound imaging (HI) is being used to characterize pancreatic masses. Alternatively, transabdominal subharmonic imaging (SHI) may limit invasiveness and better suppress nonlinear tissue echoes. In both approaches, time-intensity curve (TIC) analysis can be...
In this paper we propose a computer-aided diagnosis system for the breast lesion classification. Our approach is based on quantitative ultrasound and deep learning. We used the Nakagami imaging to create parametric maps of breast lesions that illustrate tissue scattering properties. For this task the sliding window technique was applied. The Nakagami parameter was calculated using the maximum likelihood...
The last 20 years have seen the development of fetal surgery, particularly for the treatment of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). Although fetoscopy increases survival rate, it is also invasive and responsible for fetal and maternal complications affecting the neonatal outcome. A completely non-invasive treatment that could occlude deep anastomoses would prevent the risks of invasive fetoscopy...
The quantitative ultrasound (QUS) imaging provides additional information on tissue properties in comparison to standard ultrasonography. In this paper we use the Nakagami imaging to address the problem of breast lesion classification. Images of breast lesions may contain areas with calcifications or/and necrosis. These areas are visible on Nakagami maps and their presence make the classification...
Early detection and diagnosis of high-risk vulnerable plaques can reduce the death rate attributable to atherosclerosis. Many attempts to identify plaques have focused on in vivo imaging techniques. Animal models with foregone plaque sites will be valuable to evaluate the validity of the imaging methods. However, in traditional balloon injury models, the sites and size of generated plaques are uncertain...
Kidney cancer is a severe disease which can be treated by using a non-invasive, controllable and focused ultrasound surgery method-histotripsy. Previously, histotripsy produced by hundred-microsecond-long focused ultrasound pulses has been proposed by us, which generates mechanical homogenized lesion by employing boiling bubbles and high duty cycle compared with conventional methods. However, the...
It is highly desirable to monitor microwave ablation (MWA) treatments noninvasively for substantially improving the clinical implementation of MWA procedures and progress toward full clinical uses worldwide. This in vivo study explored the feasibility of using ultrasonic Nakagami imaging to evaluate the thermal lesions in liver and kidney in a porcine model for the purpose of monitoring MWA.
Thermal ablation provides local control of cancer; however, pairing ablation with immunotherapy is attractive as there is emerging evidence that focal therapy enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy. The goals of local treatment are to rapidly debulk the tumor and release tumor antigen to stimulate immune recognition. We seek to evaluate combination protocols and their tumor suppressive effects.
This preliminary study focuses on Capacitive Micro-machined Ultrasound Transducers (CMUTs) for dualmode ultrasound therapy and imaging. A planar probe design is being investigated in the context of Ultrasound-guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (USgHIFU) designed for endocavitary HIFU tissue ablation of the prostate gland. The hypothesis is that this CMUT design could offer potential advantages...
Atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia are currently treated with catheter ablation using radiofrequency or cryoenergy. These endocardiac approaches are invasive and not fully satisfactory as the treatments are often incomplete and can be associated with side effects. HIFU were proposed as an alternative strategy, by using the excellent acoustic window between heart and esophagus. The present...
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